Overview
The LM324D, produced by Texas Instruments, is a quad operational amplifier (op-amp) that belongs to the LM324 series. Although the LM324D is currently obsolete and no longer in production, it remains a significant component in the history of operational amplifiers. The LM324 series, including the LM324D, is known for its high gain, internally frequency-compensated design, and wide power supply range, making it versatile for various applications.
The next-generation versions, such as the LM324B and LM2902B, are recommended for new designs due to their improved specifications and enhanced performance characteristics.
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Min | Typ | Max | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power Supply Voltage | 3 | - | 32 | V |
| Differential Input Voltage | - | - | 32 | V |
| Input Offset Voltage | - | 3 | 9 | mV |
| Input Offset Current | - | - | 150 | nA |
| Input Bias Current | - | - | 500 | nA |
| Common-Mode Input Voltage Range | 0 | - | VCC - 2.0 | V |
| Output Voltage Swing (High Limit) | - | - | VCC - 1.5 | V |
| Output Voltage Swing (Low Limit) | - | - | 0 | V |
| Operating Temperature Range | 0 | - | 70 | °C |
Key Features
- Internally frequency-compensated for unity gain stability.
- Wide power supply range: 3V to 32V (or ±1.5V to ±16V).
- Low input offset voltage: ±3mV (typical) for LM324B and ±2mV for LM324BA.
- High ESD rating: 2kV (HBM) and 1.5kV (CDM).
- Integrated EMI and RF filters for improved noise rejection.
- Low input bias current: 50nA maximum across –40°C to 125°C.
- Common-mode input voltage range includes ground.
- Input voltage differential can be driven up to supply voltage.
- Large DC voltage gain: 100dB.
- Large output voltage swing: 0V to VCC - 1.5V.
Applications
- Transducer amplifiers.
- DC gain blocks.
- Conventional op-amp circuits in single power supply systems.
- Merchant network and server power supply units.
- Multi-function printers.
- Power supplies and mobile chargers.
- Desktop PC and motherboard.
- Indoor and outdoor air conditioners.
- Washers, dryers, and refrigerators.
- AC inverters, string inverters, central inverters, and voltage frequency drives.
- Uninterruptible power supplies.
Q & A
- What is the power supply voltage range for the LM324D?
The power supply voltage range for the LM324D is 3V to 32V (or ±1.5V to ±16V).
- What is the typical input offset voltage for the LM324B?
The typical input offset voltage for the LM324B is ±3mV.
- Does the LM324D have integrated EMI and RF filters?
- What is the common-mode input voltage range for the LM324D?
The common-mode input voltage range includes ground up to VCC - 2.0V.
- What are some typical applications of the LM324D?
Typical applications include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks, and conventional op-amp circuits in single power supply systems, as well as various consumer and industrial electronics.
- Is the LM324D still in production?
No, the LM324D is obsolete and no longer in production. New designs should consider alternate products like the LM324B or LM2902B.
- What is the operating temperature range for the LM324D?
The operating temperature range for the LM324D is 0°C to 70°C.
- Can the LM324D be used in single or dual supply configurations?
- What is the maximum output current of the LM324D?
The maximum output current of the LM324D is 20mA for sourcing and 8mA for sinking at VCC = 15V.
- Is the LM324D suitable for battery operation?
